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Regulations and Standards

Rockford Systems OSHA & ANSI Regulations and Standards

OSHA’S ACT AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS

Since the enclosed equipment can never overcome a mechanical deficiency, defect or malfunction in the machine itself, OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) has established certain safety regulations that the employers (users) must comply with so that the machines used in their plants, factories or facilities are thoroughly inspected and are in first-class operating condition before any of the enclosed equipment is installed.

These publications can be acquired by contacting:
US Department of Labor
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Washington, DC 20210

29 CFR 1910.147

The OSHA standard for The Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout) (29 CFR 1910.147) for general industry outlines measures for controlling different types of hazardous energy. The LOTO standard establishes the employer’s responsibility to protect workers from hazardous energy. Employers are also required to train each worker to ensure that they know, understand, and are able to follow the applicable provisions of the hazardous energy control procedures:

Proper lockout/tagout (LOTO) practices and procedures safeguard workers from the release of hazardous energy. The OSHA standard for The Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout) (29 CFR 1910.147) for general industry, outlines specific action and procedures for addressing and controlling hazardous energy during servicing and maintenance of machines and equipment. Employers are also required to train each worker to ensure that they know, understand, and are able to follow the applicable provisions of the hazardous energy control procedures. Workers must be trained in the purpose and function of the energy control program and have the knowledge and skills required for the safe application, usage and removal of the energy control devices. All employees who work in an area where energy control procedure(s) are utilized need to be instructed in the purpose and use of the energy control procedure(s), especially prohibition against attempting to restart or reenergize machines or other equipment that are locked or tagged out.

All employees who are authorized to lockout machines or equipment and perform the service and maintenance operations need to be trained in recognition of applicable hazardous energy sources in the workplace, the type and magnitude of energy found in the workplace, and the means and methods of isolating and/or controlling the energy. Specific procedures and limitations relating to tagout systems where they are allowed. Retraining of all employees to maintain proficiency or introduce new or changed control methods. OSHA’s Lockout/Tagout Fact Sheet describes the practices and procedures necessary to disable machinery or equipment to prevent the release of hazardous energy.

The control of hazardous energy is also addressed in a number of other OSHA standards, including Marine Terminals (1917 Subpart C), Safety and Health Regulations for Longshoring (1918 Subpart G), Safety and Health Regulations for Construction; Electrical (1926 Subpart K), Concrete and Masonry Construction (1926 Subpart Q), Electric Power Transmission and Distribution (1926 Subpart V), and General Industry; Electrical (1910 Subpart S), Special Industries (1910 Subpart R), and Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution (1910.269).

By Standard Number – 1910.212 – General requirements for all machines.

  • Part Number: 1910
  • Part Number Title: Occupational Safety and Health Standards
  • Subpart: 1910 Subpart O
  • Subpart Title: Machinery and Machine Guarding
  • Standard Number: 1910.212
  • Title: General requirements for all machines.
  • GPO Source: e-CFR

1910.212(a)

Machine guarding –

1910.212(a)(1)

Types of guarding. One or more methods of machine guarding shall be provided to protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards such as those created by point of operation, ingoing nip points, rotating parts, flying chips and sparks. Examples of guarding methods are – barrier guards, two-hand tripping devices, electronic safety devices, etc.

1910.212(a)(2)

General requirements for machine guards. Guards shall be affixed to the machine where possible and secured elsewhere if for any reason attachment to the machine is not possible. The guard shall be such that it does not offer an accident hazard in itself.

1910.212(a)(3)

Point of operation guarding.

1910.212(a)(3)(i)

Point of operation is the area on a machine where work is actually performed upon the material being processed.

1910.212(a)(3)

Point of operation guarding.

1910.212(a)(3)(i)

Point of operation is the area on a machine where work is actually performed upon the material being processed.

1910.212(a)(3)(iii)

Special hand tools for placing and removing material shall be such as to permit easy handling of material without the operator placing a hand in the danger zone. Such tools shall not be in lieu of other guarding required by this section, but can only be used to supplement protection provided.

1910.212(a)(3)(iv)

The following are some of the machines which usually require point of operation guarding:

  • 1910.212(a)(3)(iv)(a)
    Guillotine cutters.
  • 1910.212(a)(3)(iv)(b)
    Shears.
  • 1910.212(a)(3)(iv)(c)
    Alligator shears.
  • 1910.212(a)(3)(iv)(d)
    Power presses.
  • 1910.212(a)(3)(iv)(e)
    Milling machines.
  • 1910.212(a)(3)(iv)(f)
    Power saws.
  • 1910.212(a)(3)(iv)(g)
    Jointers.
  • 1910.212(a)(3)(iv)(h)
    Portable power tools.
  • 1910.212(a)(3)(iv)(i)
    Forming rolls and calendars.

1910.212(a)(4)

Barrels, containers, and drums. Revolving drums, barrels, and containers shall be guarded by an enclosure which is interlocked with the drive mechanism, so that the barrel, drum, or container cannot revolve unless the guard enclosure is in place.

1910.212(a)(5)

Exposure of blades. When the periphery of the blades of a fan is less than seven (7) feet above the floor or working level, the blades shall be guarded. The guard shall have openings no larger than one-half (½) inch.

1910.212(b)

Anchoring fixed machinery. Machines designed for a fixed location shall be securely anchored to prevent walking or moving.

  1. An Act – Public Law 91 – 596, 91st Congress, S. 2193, December 29, 1970
    • Duties: Sec. 5. (a) Each employer
      • (1) shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees;
      • (2) shall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under this Act.
        • (b) Each employee shall comply with occupational safety and health standards and all rules, regulations, and orders issued pursuant to this Act which are applicable to his own actions and conduct.
  2. OSHA’s Code of Federal Regulations, Subpart O, that an employer (user) must comply with include:
    • Section 1910.211 Definitions
    • Section 1910.212 (a) General Requirements for all Machines
    • Section 1910.217 Mechanical Power Presses
    • Section 1910.219 (b)(1) Mechanical Power-Transmission
    • Apparatus (Flywheel and Gear Covers)
  3. OSHA’s 29 Code of Federal Regulations, Subpart J 1910.147
    • The Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout / Tagout)
  4. OSHA’s Publications
    • “General Industry Safety and Health Regulations Part 1910,” Code of Federal Regulations, Subpart O
    • “Concepts and Techniques of Machine Safeguarding,” OSHA 3067, Revised 1992

Rockford Systems, LLC is a Voting Member of ANSI B11

Machine Safety Standards Committee

To purchase ANSI Machine Safety Standards, click here:

Rockford Systems is a member of the B11 Standards Committee as a voting member, teaming up with existing voting companies that include Amazon, John Deere, Omron, Honda, Boeing, General Motors, Rockwell Automation and Komatsu, among other industry leaders, safety experts, and stakeholders. As a voting member, Rockford Systems will have direct input into the development and administration of published standards that impact virtually every segment of industry with the overarching goal of minimizing the risks of potential machinery-related hazards.

The B11 Standards Committee is a working group of B11 Standards, Inc., an ANSI accredited standards development organization (ASD) that administers the process for developing and approving industry standards concerning machine safeguarding. Responsibilities of the Committee includes evaluating and creating final drafts which are then turned over to the ANSI Board Standards Review for approval as ANSI Standards and Technical Reports. The Committee also participates in national and international standards development activities to aid in and facilitate alignment, where possible.

Brian Boes, Vice President of Applications Engineering for Rockford Systems, will serve as the company’s representative on the B11 Standards Committee, along with Matt Brenner, Vice President/General Manager of Machine Safeguarding. Both Boes and Brenner are recognized as leading authorities within the machine safety industry with in-depth understanding of OSHA, ANSI and NFPA standards.

As the B11 Standards Committee continues its work to address machine accidents, Rockford Systems’ more than 50 years of industry expertise in the safety space will be invaluable in accelerating progress toward development and adoption of the latest standards for machine safeguarding. Rockford Systems has a long track record of educating health and safety professionals through its highly-regarded workshops. From the outset of OSHA decades ago, Rockford Systems has supported industry efforts to create safer workspaces by providing machine safeguarding solutions that reduce risk and prevent workplace injuries. The company has consistently worked in close coordination with standards bodies, beginning with the Occupational Safety & Health Act of 1970, to ensure the highest level of quality in safeguarding, and intends to continue this important work as a voting member of the B11 Standards Committee.

  • ANSI B11 – 2008 – General Safety Requirements Common to ANSI B11 Machines
  • ANSI B11.1 – Mechanical Power Presses
  • ANSI B11.2 – Hydraulic Power Presses
  • ANSI B11.3 – Mechanical Power Press Brakes
  • ANSI B11.4 – Shears
  • ANSI B11.5 – Ironworkers
  • ANSI B11.6 – Lathes
  • ANSI B11.7 – Cold Headers and Cold Formers
  • ANSI B11.8 – Drilling, Milling, and Boring Machines
  • ANSI B11.9 – Grinding Machines
  • ANSI B11.10 – Metal Sawing Machines
  • ANSI B11.11 – Gear and Spline Cutting Machines
  • ANSI B11.12 – Roll Forming and Roll Bending Machines
  • ANSI B11.13 – Automatic Screw/Bar and Chucking Machines
  • ANSI B11.14 – Withdrawn (now see B11.18)
  • ANSI B11.15 – Pipe, Tube, and Shape Bending Machines
  • ANSI B11.16 – Metal Powder Compacting Presses
  • ANSI B11.17 – Horizontal Hydraulic Extrusion Presses
  • ANSI B11.18 – Coil Processing Systems
  • ANSI B11.19 – Performance Requirements for Risk Reduction Measures-Safeguarding and Other Means of Reducing Risk
  • ANSI B11.20 – Integrated Manufacturing Systems
  • ANSI B11.21 – Machine Tools Using Lasers for Processing Materials
  • ANSI B11.22 – Turning Centers and CNC Turning Machines
  • ANSI B11.23 – Machining Centers and CNC Milling, Drilling, and Boring Machines
  • ANSI B11.24 – Transfer Machines
  • ANSI B11.TR1-2016 – Ergonomic Guidelines for the Design, Installation, and Use of Machine Tools
  • ANSI B11.TR2-1997 – Mist Control Considerations
  • ANSI B11.TR3-2000 (R2015) – Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction
  • ANSI B11.TR4-2004 (R2015) – Selection of Programmable Electronic Systems (PES/PLC) for Machine Tools
  • ANSI B11.TR5-2006 (R2017) – Sound Level Measurement Guidelines
  • ANSI B11.TR6-2010 – Safety Control Systems for Machines
  • ANSI B11.TR7-2007 (R2017)  – Design for Safety and Lean Manufacturing
  • ANSI/ITSDF B56.5-2019 – Guided Industrial Vehicles and Automated Functions of Manned Industrial Vehicles
  • ANSI B65.1-2005 – Printing Press Systems
  • ANSI B65.2-2005 – Binding and Finishing Systems
  • ANSI B65.3-2001 (R2006) – Guillotine Paper Cutters, Mill Trimmers and Integral Handling Equipment
  • ANSI B65.4-2002 – Three-Knife Trimmers, Including Rotary, and Single- and Multiple-Knife Trimmers
  • ANSI B65.5-2006 – Stand-Alone Platen Presses
  • ANSI B151.27-2021 – Robot/Injection Molding machine Safety Requirements
  • ANSI B155.1-2016 – Safety Requirements For Packaging and Processing Machinery

ANSI SAFETY STANDARDS FOR MACHINES
The most complete safety standards for machine tools are published in the ANSI (American National Standards Institute) B11 series.

Applicable Standard

  • B11.6 Manual Turning Machines
  • B11.8 Manual Milling, Drilling, and Boring Machines
  • B11.9 Grinding Machines
  • B11.10 Sawing Machine
  • B11.19 Performance Requirements For Risk Reduction Measures: Safeguarding And Other Means Of Reducing Risk

NFPA 70, also known as the National Electrical Code (NEC), is a U.S. standard for the safe installation of electrical wiring and equipment, covering residential, commercial, and industrial settings, and is enforced in all 50 states.

What it is:

The NEC is a code published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) that outlines the minimum standards for safe electrical installations.

What it covers:

  • The NEC covers topics such as proper wiring techniques, overcurrent protection, grounding, and installation of electrical conductors, equipment, and raceways.
    Importance:
  • The NEC is designed to protect people and property from electrical hazards.

Enforcement:

While the NEC is not a U.S. law itself, it is commonly mandated by state or local law, and the “authority having jurisdiction” inspects for compliance.

Revisions:

The NEC is revised every three years.

Related Standards:

NFPA 70E: This standard focuses on safe work practices in the workplace to reduce exposure to electrical hazards.

Resources:

You can find more information about NFPA 70 on the NFPA website: www.nfpa.org

The NFPA also offers online training on the NEC.

NFPA 79 Electrical Standard for Industrial Machinery

These standards can be purchased by contacting:
American National Standards Institute, Inc.
11 West 42nd Street
New York, New York 10036
(212) 642-4900
OR
AMT-The Association of Manufacturing Technology
7901 Westpark Drive
McLean, Virginia 22102-4269
(703) 827-5211

NFPA 85 (2019 Edition) – Boiler and Combustion Systems Hazard Code

4.4.3.1 Operator Training

4.4.3.1.1 The owner or the owner’s representative shall be responsible for establishing a formal training program that is consistent with the type of equipment and hazards involved to prepare personnel to operate the equipment.

4.4.3.1.2 Operating procedures shall be established that cover normal and emergency conditions.

4.4.3.1.2.1 Start-up, shutdown, and lockout procedures shall all be covered in detail.

4.4.3.1.2.2 Where different modes of operation are possible, procedures shall be prepared for each operating mode.

4.4.3.1.2.3 Procedures also shall be prepared for switching from one mode to another.

4.4.3.1.3 The owner or owner’s representative shall verify that operators are trained and competent to operate the equipment under all conditions prior to their operation of such equipment.

4.4.3.1.4 The owner or owner’s representative shall be responsible for retraining operators, including reviewing their competence, at intervals determined by the owner.

4.4.3.1.5 The training program and operating and maintenance manuals shall be kept current with changes in equipment and operating procedures and shall be available for reference and use at all times.

4.4.3.1.6 Operating procedures shall be directly applicable to the equipment involved and shall be consistent with safety requirements and the manufacturer’s recommendations.

4.4.3.2 Maintenance Training

4.4.3.2.1 The owner or owner’s representative shall be responsible for establishing a formal and ongoing program, consistent with the equipment and hazards involved, for training maintenance personnel to perform all required maintenance tasks.

4.4.3.2.2 Maintenance procedures and their associated training programs shall be established to cover routine and special techniques.

4.4.3.2.3 Environmental factors such as temperature, dusts, contaminated or oxygen-deficient atmospheres, internal pressures, and limited access or confined space requirements shall be included in the maintenance procedures.

4.4.3.2.4 Maintenance procedures shall be consistent with safety requirements and the manufacturer’s recommendations and shall be kept current with changes in equipment and personnel.

ASME CSD-1 and NFPA 85 Testing Requirements

ASME CSD-1 (2015 Edition)
Applies to boilers up to 12,499,000 Btu/hour

  • CM-110 – Operability and set points on all devices, where applicable, shall be verified by periodic testing, and the results shall be recorded in a boiler log, maintenance record, service invoice, or other written record.

NFPA 85 (2019 Edition)
Applies to boilers 12,500,000 Btu/hour and greater

  • Fundamentals
    4.4.1.3 
    Operation, set points, and adjustments shall be verified by testing at specified intervals, and the results shall be documented.
  • Single Burner
    5.4.2.7.2 
    Manual valve leakage tests of the main safety shutoff valves shall be conducted at least annually.
  • Multiple Burner
    6.4.1.1.3 
    Testing and maintenance shall be performed to keep the interlock system functioning as designed.

Typical Interlocks and Safety Devices to Be Tested:

The table below is a list of the common interlocks that are referenced throughout ASME CSD-1 and NFPA 85 which would fall under the annual testing requirement for boilers.

Table A: Common Standard Interlocks to Test

Fuel Train – Burner
  1. Low Gas/Oil Pressure
  2. High Gas/Oil Pressure
  3. Pilot Low Gas Pressure
  4. Pilot High Gas Pressure
  5. Valve Tightness Tests (Gas/Oil)
  6. Main Gas Shutoff Valve
  7. Safety Shutoff Valve
  8. Vent Valve (Oil N/A)
  9. Blocking Valve
  10. Downstream Manual Valve
  11. Pilot Manual Gas Shutoff Valve
  12. Pilot Safety Shutoff Valve
  13. Pilot Vent Valve
  14. Pilot Blocking Valve
  15. SSOV Slow Closure (Gas/Oil)
  16. BV Slow Closure (Gas/Oil)
  17. Proof of Closure–SSOV (Gas/Oil)
  18. Proof of Closure – BV (Gas/Oil)
  19. Flame Sensing
Motor Starter Contact Relays
  1. Combustion Air Fan
  2. Induced Draft Fan
Burner Management Logic
  1. Purge Time
  2. Pilot Trail for Ignition
  3. Main Trail for Ignition
  4. Pilot Spark Pick-up
  5. Burner Position Switches
  6. Post-Purge Time
  7. Burner Stop
  8. Emergency Stop
Fuel Oil Specific
  1. Atomizing Media Pressure
  2. Low Oil Temperature
Boiler Interlocks
  1. High Oil Temperature
  2. Purge Air Proving
  3. Minimum Combustion Air
  4. Low Fire Proving
  5. High Fire Proving
  6. Operating Steam Pressure
  7. Excess Steam Pressure
  8. Instrument Air
  9. Low Furnace Pressure
  10. High Furnace Pressure
  11. Operating Temperature
  12. Excess Temperature Limit
  13. Low Water Alarm
  14. Low Water Cutout
  15. Aux. Low Water Cutout
  16. High Water Alarm
  17. High Water Cutout
  18. Flow Proving Switch

NFPA 86 Training Requirements NFPA 86 (2019 Edition) – Standard for Ovens and Furnaces

7.2.1*  *Personnel who operate, maintain, or supervise the furnace shall be thoroughly instructed and trained in their respective job functions under the direction of a qualified person(s). 

7.2.2   Personnel who operate, maintain, or supervise the furnace shall be required to demonstrate an understanding of the equipment, its operation, and practice of safe operating procedures in their respective job functions. 

7.2.3   Personnel who operate, maintain, or supervise the furnace shall receive regularly scheduled refresher training and shall demonstrate understanding of the equipment, its operation, and practice of safe operating procedures in their respective job functions. 

7.2.4   The training shall cover startup, shutdown, and lockout procedures in detail. 

7.2.5  The training program shall be kept current with changes in equipment and operating procedures, and training materials shall be available for reference.

7.4.4   All safety interlocks shall be tested for function at least annually.

7.4.5*  The set point of temperature, pressure, or flow devices used as safety interlocks shall be verified at least annually.

7.4.6   Safety device testing shall be documented at least annually.

7.4.9*  Valve seat leakage testing of safety shutoff valves and valve proving systems shall be performed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

7.4.9.1  Testing frequency shall be at least annually.

7.4.12*  Lubricated manual shutoff valves shall be lubricated and subsequently leak tested for valve closure at least annually.

7.4.18   An inspection shall be completed at least annually to verify that all designed safety interlocks are present and have not been bypassed or rendered ineffective.

Interlocks and Safety Devices to Be Tested:

The table below is a list of the common interlocks that are referenced throughout NFPA 86 which would fall under the annual testing requirement for a single zone oven or furnace with a single burner.

Table A: Common Standard Interlocks to Test

Gas Train – Burner
  1. Low Gas Pressure
  2. High Gas Pressure
  3. Pilot Low Gas Pressure
  4. Pilot High Gas Pressure
  5. Tightness Tests
  6. Main Gas Shutoff Valve
  7. Safety Shutoff Valve
  8. Vent Valve
  9. Blocking Valve
  10. Downstream Manual Valve
  11. Pilot Manual Gas Shutoff Valve
  12. Pilot Safety Shutoff Valve
  13. Pilot Vent Valve
  14. Pilot Blocking Valve
  15. SSOV Slow Closure
  16. BV Slow Closure
  17. Proof of Closure–SSOV
  18. Proof of Closure – BV
  19. 1400° Bypass Interlock
  20. Flame Sensing
Motor Starter Contact Relays
  1. Ventilating Fan Interlock
  2. Combustion Air Fan
  3. Exhaust Fan
  4. Recirculation Fan
Burner Management Logic
  1. Purge Time
  2. Pilot Trail for Ignition
  3. Main Trail for Ignition
  4. Pilot Spark Pick-up
  5. Door Switches (Purge/Light-off)
  6. Post-Purge Time
  7. Burner Stop
  8. Emergency Stop
Oven Interlocks
  1. Purge Air Proving
  2. Minimum Combustion Air
  3. Low Fire Proving
  4. High Fire Proving
  5. Operating Steam Pressure
  6. Excess Steam Pressure
  7. Instrument Air
  8. Low Furnace Pressure
  9. High Furnace Pressure
  10. Cooling Water Interlock

NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL SAFETY

MANUALS & DATA SHEETS

Other good references for safety on machine tools are the National Safety Council’s Safety Manuals and Data Sheets. These manuals and data sheets are written by various committees including the Power Press, Forging and Fabricating Executive Committee. The following publications are available for all types of machines:

APPLICABLE MANUAL

  • Power Press Safety Manual – 4th Edition
  • Safeguarding Concept Illustrations – 6th Edition
  • Forging Safety Manual

DATA SHEETS

  • Bench and Pedestal Grinding Wheel Operations 12304-0705
  • Boring Mills, Horizontal Metal 12304-0269
  • Boring Mills, Vertical 12304-0347
  • Coated Abrasives 12304-0452
  • Cold Shearing Billets and Bars in the Forging Industry 12304-0739
  • Degreasing (Liquid), Small Metal Parts 12304-0537
  • Dies, Setup and Removal of Forging Hammer 12304-0716
  • Drill Presses, Metalworking 12304-0335
  • Drills, Portable Reamer 12304-0497
  • Drop Hammers, Steam 12304-0720
  • Electrical Controls for Mechanical Power Presses 12304-0624
  • Forging Hammer Dies, Setup and Removal of 12304-0716
  • Forging Presses, Mechanical 12304-0728
  • Gear-Hobbing Machines 12304-0362
  • Handling Materials in the Forging Industry 12304-0551
  • Kick (Foot) Presses 12304-0363
  • Lathes, Engine 12304-0264
  • Milling Machines, Metalworking 12304-0364
    Planers, Metal 12304-0383
  • Power Press (Mechanical) Point-of-Operation Safeguarding, Concepts of 12304-0710
  • Power Press Point-of-Operation Safeguarding: Two-Hand Control and Two-Hand Tripping Devices 12304-0714
  • Power Press Point-of-Operation Safeguarding: Type A and B Movable Barrier Devices 12304-0712
  • Power Press Point-of-Operation Safeguarding: Point-of-Operation Guards 12304-0715
  • Power Press Point-of-Operation Safeguarding: Presence Sensing Devices 12304-0711
  • Power Press Point-of-Operation Safeguarding: Pullbacks and Restraint Devices 12304-0713
  • Power Presses (Mechanical), Inspection and Maintenance of 12304-0603
  • Power Presses (Mechanical), Removing Piece parts from Dies in 12304-0534
  • Power Press, Setting Up and Removing Dies 12304-0211
  • Press Brakes 12304-0419
  • Robots 12304-0717
  • Saws, Metal (Cold Working) 12304-0584
  • Shapers, Metal 12304-0216
  • Shears, Alligator 12304-0213
  • Shears, Squaring, Metal 12304-0328
  • Up setters, 12304-0721

These manuals and data sheets can be purchased by contacting:

National Safety Council
1121 Spring Lake Drive
Itasca, IL 60143-3201
(708) 295-1121

For additional safety information and assistance in devising, implementing or revising your safety program, please contact the machine manufacturer, your state and local safety councils, insurance carriers, national trade associations and your state’s occupational safety and health administration.

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